Mu fakitale ya hardware ku Guangdong, magudumu a makina awiri ofanana omwe adapondapo anali ndi moyo wosiyana: gudumu lamanja la makina A linasinthidwa pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi chogwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kusweka kwa mawu, pamene makina a B anayenda mokhazikika kwa zaka zitatu popanda kulephera. Disassembly idawulula kuti kusiyana kokha pakati pa ziwirizi kunali makulidwe olankhula (4mm vs 6mm) ndi kapangidwe ka chisindikizo. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kuti kukhazikika kwakupondaponda mawilo amanjasichidziwika ndi chinthu chimodzi, koma ndi zotsatira za mapangidwe athunthu a miyeso yambiri, kuphatikizapo kusankha zinthu, mapangidwe apangidwe, ndi chithandizo chapamwamba. Nkhaniyi ikuphatikiza machitidwe amakampani kuti awone momwe mapangidwe amapangira moyo wautumiki wa magudumu am'manja kuchokera kugwero.
Menyu Yazinthu
Chitsulo: chitsimikizo cha mphamvu-pazambiri zolemetsa
Mapulasitiki auinjiniya: mtengo-kusankha kothandiza pa malo opepuka-odzaza
Zophatikizika: kusankha kodutsa-malire ndikuchita bwino
Mapangidwe olankhulidwa: chiŵerengero chagolide cha chiwerengero cholankhulidwa ndi makulidwe
Kusankha kokhala ndi: kusiyana kwa moyo pakati pa ma bere otsetsereka ndi ma bere ogudubuza
Positioning chipangizo: luso kusanja kulimba ndi kusinthasintha
Chithandizo cha dzimbiri-: njira yoyesera yopopera mchere
Valani-zotchinga zosagwira: kapangidwe kake kakang'ono kuti muchepetse kukangana
Anti-patani yotsetsereka: ergonomics ndi durability synergy
Kuwongolera kulondola: momwe kulolerana kumakhudzira moyo wokwanira
Ndondomeko ya msonkhano: kumvetsetsa kufunika kosokoneza
Dynamic balance design: invisible killer of high-ntchito yachangu
Handle diameter: kukhazikika pakati pa kutonthoza kwakugwira ndi kutopa
Ma torque ogwiritsira ntchito: chitetezo cham'magawo apangidwe
Kusankha kwazinthu: jini yokhazikika yokhazikika
① Chuma chachitsulo: chitsimikizo champhamvu pazambiri-zolemetsa
Chitsulo chotaya (HT200): mphamvu yamakokedwe 200MPa, yoyenera kukhomerera makina okhala ndi katundu> 50N ・ m, monga Yangli Gulu la J21 nkhonya handwheel, makulidwe olankhula adapangidwa kuti akhale 6mm, osathyoka pambuyo pakuyesa kutopa kwa 100,000, ndipo moyo ndi nthawi yayitali 1.5 kuposa 4mm.
Aluminiyamu aloyi (6061-T6): kachulukidwe 2.7g/cm³, mphamvu 190MPa, fakitale ina yamagalimoto yamagalimoto imagwiritsa ntchito mawilo a aluminiyamu aloyi kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa 30%, kuchepetsa inertia yozungulira ndi 25%, ndikuchepetsa mavalidwe ndi 40%.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (304): kuyezetsa kukana kutsitsi mchere> maola 1000, oyenerera malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena chinyezi, monga nkhonya ya fakitale ya mita yamadzi ku Ningbo. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu 304, kulephera kwadzidzidzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha dzimbiri kumachepetsedwa kuchokera ku katatu pamwezi kufika kamodzi pachaka.
② Mapulasitiki aumisiri: mtengo-kusankha kothandiza pakuwala-malo odzaza
Mapulasitiki aukadaulo a ABS: kachulukidwe 1.05g/cm³, amangotengera 1/5 yachitsulo chonyezimira, choyenera makina okhomerera ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi katundu.<20N・m, such as Jinfangyuan CNC punching machine handwheels, designed life of 2 years, maintenance cost reduced by 60%.
Phenolic utomoni: kutentha kukana madigiri 150 , gudumu lamanja la ng'anjo yopopera zida amagwiritsa ntchito phenolic resin, amatha zaka 3 m'malo a digiri 120, ndipo pamwamba alibe ming'alu, pomwe zinthu za ABS zimatha chaka chimodzi chokha.
③ Zida zophatikizika: kusankha malire-m'malire ndikuchita bwino
Nayiloni yolimba yagalasi: mphamvu ndi yokwera kawiri kuposa nayiloni yoyera, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amadzi<1%, a punching machine handwheel of an electronics factory uses this material, in an environment with 85% humidity, the life is 3 times longer than ordinary nylon, and the weight is 40% lighter than metal.
Chitsulo-chophatikizika cha pulasitiki: zitsulo zopangira masipoko (chitsimikizo champhamvu) + pulasitiki ya zogwirira (zopotera ndi zotchingira-zotchinga), chida chachipatala chokhomerera pamanja chimaganizira zonse zofunika pa mphamvu ndi zotsekereza, kupeŵa kulephera kuwongolera komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha magetsi osasunthika.
Kamangidwe kamangidwe: kulingalira kwapawiri pakugawa kupsinjika ndi kulondola kwamayendedwe
① Mapangidwe olankhulidwa: chiŵerengero chagolide cha nambala yolankhulidwa ndi makulidwe
Nambala analankhula: 3 spokes (opepuka) vs 6 spokes (mkulu okhazikika), pambuyo forging makina handwheel anasintha kuchokera 3 spokes kuti 6 spokes, kupsyinjika pa muzu wa analankhula watsika 150MPa kuti 80MPa, ndi chiopsezo chosweka watsika ndi 60%.
Mapangidwe a makulidwe: Malingana ndi ndondomeko ya katundu (σ=Mr/W), pa 50N・m gudumu lamanja la katundu, makulidwe olankhulidwa amakula kuchoka pa 4mm kufika pa 6mm, chitetezo chinawonjezeka kuchoka pa 1.2 kufika ku 2.0, ndipo moyo wautumiki unawonjezedwa kuchokera ku chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka zitatu.
② Kusankha konyamula: Kusiyana kwa moyo pakati pa mayendedwe otsetsereka ndi mayendedwe ogudubuza
Ma bere otsetsereka (-kudzipaka mafuta): palibe zinthu zogudubuza, zoyenera kuyenda pang'onopang'ono (<100rpm), such as Ward Precision Machine punch handwheel, designed life of 5 years, maintenance-free, but wear rate increases 3 times at high speed (>200 rpm).
Kugudubuza mayendedwe (zakuya poyambira mpira mayendedwe): mikangano koyefit 0.0015, oyenera liwiro mkulu, Jingli nkhonya handwheel ntchito 6005 mayendedwe, moyo wa maola 80,000 pa 300rpm, 2 nthawi yaitali kuposa mayendedwe kutsetsereka, koma amafuna kondomu nthawi zonse.
③ Positioning chipangizo: luso kugwirizanitsa kulimba ndi kusinthasintha
Kuyika kwa pini ya kasupe: kapangidwe kosavuta, kamangidwe kakasupe ka 5-8N, nkhonya ya nkhonya ilibe mphamvu ya masika (3N), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pini yoyikirayi ikhale 40% mwachangu.
Kuyika kwa Hydraulic: kulondola kwa malo ± 0.5 digiri. Chikhomerera chamanja cholondola chimagwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulic positioning. Ngakhale mtengo wake ndi wokwera ndi 20%, moyo wa chipangizocho umatalikitsidwa kuchoka pa chaka chimodzi kufika pa zaka 5, zomwe ndi zoyenera kuchita-zolondola kwambiri.
Chithandizo chapamwamba: njira yoyamba yodzitetezera ku kukokoloka kwa chilengedwe
① Kuthana ndi-kuchiza dzimbiri: malingaliro opangira pambuyo poyesa kupopera mchere
Galvanizing (electrogalvanizing): ❖ kuyanika makulidwe 8-12μm, mchere kutsitsi mayeso maola 48, handwheel ya fakitale ina ulimi makina ntchito galvanizing mankhwala, ndipo dzimbiri chilengedwe chilengedwe anachedwa kuchokera miyezi 3 chaka 1.
Dacromet zokutira: zokutira za chromium-zopanda kuwononga chilengedwe, zosamva kupopera mchere kwa maola 1000. Wilo lina la nkhonya lotumiza kunja limagwiritsa ntchito zokutira uku. Palibe dzimbiri lomwe limachitika poyenda panyanja, pomwe mawilo a malata wamba achita dzimbiri kale.
② Wear-zotchinga zosagwira: micro-kukonza kuti muchepetse kukangana
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa molybdenum disulfide: ❖ kuyanika makulidwe 5-10μm, kukangana koyenera kuchepetsedwa kuchokera 0,15 mpaka 0,08, pambuyo mosalekeza kukhomerera makina handwheel anagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuvala kubereka anachepetsedwa kuchokera 0.05mm/chikwi nthawi 0.01mm, ndi moyo chinawonjezeka ndi 4 zina.
Ceramic coating: hardness HV1200, yoyenera povala{1}zolemetsa zolemetsa, chopukutira chapamanja cha makina opukutira chimagwiritsa ntchito zokutira za ceramic, ndipo mavalidwe apamwamba amachepera 70% poyerekeza ndi zida zomwe sizinakonzedwe.
③ Anti-mawonekedwe oterera: ergonomics ndi durability synergy
Maonekedwe a diamondi: Malo olumikizirana ndi 20% akulu kuposa ndege, ndipo kukangana kumawonjezeka ndi 30%. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kopanda nzeru, makina okhomerera m'manja amatsika pakamagwira ntchito, zomwe zimakulitsa kuvala kwamtundu wina. Pambuyo pakusintha, kutsika kumachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 15% mpaka 2%.
Kupaka mphira: Chogwiririracho chimakutidwa ndi rabala ya nitrile, yomwe si -yoterereka ndipo imatenga kugwedezeka. Pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito gudumu la fakitale ya hardware, kutopa kwa ntchito kunachepa ndi 40%, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumasula pa kugwirizana pakati pa chogwirira ndi kutsinde kunatsika ndi 50%.
Kupanga: Zambiri zimatsimikizira ulalo waukulu wakuchita bwino kapena kulephera
① Kuwongolera kulondola: Kodi kulolerana kumakhudza bwanji moyo wofananira
Kulekerera kwa coaxiality: Pamene coaxiality ya handwheel ndi shaft ndi yayikulu kuposa 0.1mm, katundu wonyamula amakhala wosagwirizana. Magudumu a fakitale ya zida zamakina ali ndi coaxiality ya 0.2mm, yomwe ifupikitsa moyo wobereka ndi 60%. Pambuyo pakusintha, kulolerana kumayendetsedwa pa 0.05mm, ndipo moyo umabwerera mwakale.
Kulondola kwa ulusi: Kulondola kwa ulusi wa M8 kumapangidwa bwino kuchokera ku 6H mpaka 5H. Mafupipafupi omasuka a chogwirira chapamanja cha makina osindikizira a nkhonya achepetsedwa kuchokera katatu pa sabata kufika ku 0, ndipo kuvala kwa ulusi kumachepetsedwa ndi 70%.
② Ndondomeko ya msonkhano: mvetsetsani kufunika kosokoneza
Mapangidwe osokoneza: Kusokoneza koyenera pakati pa shaft ndi kunyamula ndi 0.02-0.05mm. Kusokoneza kwa fakitale ina yamakina kunafika pa 0.1mm, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mphete yamkati ikhale yopunduka, kukana kozungulira kumawonjezeka ndi 50%, ndipo moyo udafupikitsidwa ndi 30%.
Njira yopondereza: Gwiritsani ntchito makina osindikizira a hydraulic (pressure error ± 2%) kuti mupewe ming'alu yobisika mu spokes chifukwa cha kugogoda. Chifukwa chake, fakitale yopanga zida zopangira zida idachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ngozi zosweka kuchokera pa 5% mpaka 0.5%.
③ Kapangidwe kamphamvu kolinganiza: wopha wosaonekayo-othamanga kwambiri
Dynamic balancing level: mkulu-mawilo amanja othamanga (＞200rpm) akuyenera kufika pamlingo wa G6.3. Magudumu am'manja a makina ena okhomerera agalimoto sanali okhazikika bwino. Kuthamanga kwa kugwedeza kunafika 10g pa 150rpm, ndipo moyo wotopa wa spokes unachepetsedwa ndi 40%. Pambuyo pakulinganiza, idachepetsedwa mpaka 4g.
Ergonomics: Zotsatira zosalunjika za machitidwe ogwirira ntchito pakukhazikika
① Chogwirizira m'mimba mwake: kukhazikika pakati pa kutopa ndi kutopa
Mulingo woyenera m'mimba mwake: 40-50mm, m'mimba mwake wa nkhonya handwheel ndi 60mm, malo okhudzana ndi kanjedza amachepetsedwa ndi 15% panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kwa 20% kwa mphamvu yogwira, mosalunjika kukulitsa katundu wonyamula ndi 12% ndikufupikitsa moyo ndi 25%.
Handle length: 120-150mm is appropriate, the handle of a hardware factory handwheel is too short (100mm), the wrist bending angle is >30 digiri pakugwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yosagwirizana komanso 30% kuvala shaft mwachangu.
② Ma torque ogwiritsira ntchito: chitetezo cham'magawo apangidwe
Torque yokhazikika: torque yapamanja iyenera kukhala yochepera kapena yofanana ndi 15N · m. Chifukwa chakusakwanira kwamafuta, torque ya wheelchair inakwera kufika pa 25N・m, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti-zochulukirachulukira kwanthawi yayitali komanso kuchulukirachulukira kwachiwopsezo cha kusweka kuwirikiza kawiri.
Ntchito-mapangidwe opulumutsa: Ndi makina ochulukitsira liwiro (kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha 1:2), torque ya nkhonya yamanja imachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 12N・m kufika pa 6N・m, katundu wonyamula umachepetsedwa ndi theka, ndipo moyo umachulukitsidwa ndi ka 1.
Chidule
Kukhalitsa kwa nkhonya handwheel ndi zotsatira zonse za "mphamvu zakuthupi + zomveka bwino + kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe + kupanga molondola":
Zochita zolemetsa: Ma speaker achitsulo otayira (kukhuthala Kuposa kapena kofanana ndi 6mm) + zopindika + zokutira za Dacromet ndizokonda, monga Yangli J31 mndandanda wama nkhonya pamanja, wokhala ndi moyo wopanga zaka 5.
Kuthamanga kwambiri-kuthamanga kolondola kwambiri: Aluminium alloy spokes + deep groove ball bear + molybdenum disulfide coatings, monga AMADA handwheels, ndi moyo wa maola oposa 100,000 pa 200rpm.
Chinyezi komanso fumbi: Zovala zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri + zosindikizira za labyrinth + zogwirira ntchito za rabala, monga mawilo amanja a Ningbo Water Meter Factory, omwe alibe dzimbiri komanso kupindika kwa zaka zitatu.
Kachitidwe ka galimoto ina ya OEM yatsimikizira kuti kudzera m'mapangidwe okhathamiritsa (zolankhulidwa zokhuthala ndi 2mm + kutengera kulondola bwino ndi mulingo umodzi + kupopera pamwamba pansanjika-zopaka zosagwira), moyo wa gudumu lamanja watalikitsidwa kuchoka pa miyezi 18 mpaka zaka 4, ndipo mtengo wokonzanso wachepetsedwa ndi 70%. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti kulimba si chizindikiro chimodzi, koma kukhathamiritsa kwathunthu-kuchokera pa kusankha zinthu mpaka kupanga. Kwa opanga zida, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa "design-test-feedback" yotsekeka, monga kutsimikizira moyo wa zokutira pogwiritsa ntchito kuwunika komaliza kwa kupsinjika kwa mawu ndi kuyezetsa kopopera mchere, kuti mupewe "zolakwika zobadwa nazo" kuchokera kochokera. Monga momwe zinachitikira akatswiri opanga mafakitale akuluakulu amanenera: "Mapangidwe abwino a gudumu lamanja ndi omwe amapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kumva kukhalapo kwake mkati mwa zaka 3 - chifukwa sichinakhalepo ndi vuto lililonse."
